Evaluation of the Repair of Bone Defect after Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Transplantation in Rat

Background & Objective: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can proliferate and differentiate into osteogenic cells . T his study aimed to investigate the effects of BMSC transplantation for the repair of bone defects in the rat.   Materials & Methods : Twenty-eight male adult rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 ( control group) received no treatment after the bone defect. In Group 2 ( sham group), the culture medium was injected after the bone defect at the site of the bone defect. In Group 3 non-autologous cell transplantation and in Group 4 autologous cell transplantation were performed in the bone defect. Bone defect repair was evaluated by radiographic and biomechanical testing in all the groups.   Results: No significant differences were found between the control group and the Sham group according to radiographic and biomechanical tests. Radiograph bone opacity increased in the autologous and non-autologous group s compared to the control group, but the difference was not significant . Biomechanical results of the bone showed that the mean mechanical strength (Fmax) was significantly increased in the autologous group compared to the control group (p value < 0.05). In addition, mean Fmax was increased in the non-autologous group compared to the control group the difference, however, did not constitute statistical significance (p value = 0.07).   Conclusion: It seems that BMSC transplantation, especially autologous BMSC cell transplantation, exerts positive effects on the repair of the bone defect.